The role of special road vehicles in the spreading of anti-icing technological materials (salt-sand mixture)

Abstract

This scientific article analyzes the functional and technological capabilities of special road maintenance vehicles that play a crucial role in eliminating ice formation and slipperiness on road surfaces during the winter season. The targeted and optimal application of anti-icing materials—particularly the sand-salt mixture—onto road surfaces is essential not only for ensuring the safe movement of vehicles but also for preventing road traffic accidents. The article examines how the efficiency of this technological process can be enhanced through the technical characteristics of modern specialized vehicles, material spreading mechanisms, automated control systems, and precise dosing methods. In particular, the integration of GPS-based real-time control systems allows the vehicles to distribute the required amount of material accurately across various road sections, thereby optimizing resource consumption while supporting economic and environmental sustainability. Additionally, the paper reviews practical experiences from different regions, including recommendations on the appropriate ratio and spreading density of sand-salt mixtures based on temperature and humidity conditions. Based on the research findings, proposals are developed to improve winter road maintenance services by enhancing the role of specialized equipment, modernizing technological systems, and implementing real-time monitoring solutions. This article offers scientifically grounded and practical recommendations aimed at improving safety and operational efficiency in the road maintenance sector during winter conditions.