Operating modes and control challenges of microgrids based on distributed generation

Abstract

This article analyzes the operating modes and control challenges of microgrids based on distributed generation. The grid-connected and islanded operating modes of microgrids are compared from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. In the grid-connected mode, issues such as bidirectional power flow, coordination of protection systems, control of reverse power flow, and mitigation of harmonic distortions are examined. In the islanded mode, challenges related to low inertia reserves, maintaining frequency stability, requirements for energy storage systems, and coordination of local resources are discussed. According to the research results, developing effective control strategies for each operating mode is crucial for improving the reliability and efficiency of microgrids.